Sunday, November 20, 2016

60 year old woman with diarrhoea, distension and severe iron deficiency anemia (presented by 3rd Semester 2015 batch MBBS Swadha Pandey)

Presented by 3rd Semester 2015 batch MBBS Swadha Pandey:

A 60 year old woman presented with the chief complaint of:

* 20-30 episodes of loose stool
She presented with passage of loose stool 20 to 30 times a day for around 3 days, with associated
problems of :

-vomiting 

-abdominal distention 

-swelling of feet
For the past  1 year she had episodic collection of fluid in abdomen and swelling in limbs. 
(Facilitator: How did she know it was fluid?)

Also around a year ago she met with a motorcycle accident and injured her sacral region.

Has type 2 diabetes mellitus for the past 3-4 years.
Non insulin taker

Blood pressure-normal 

TB,  asthma, epilepsy, thyroid - negative 

Surgical history - for contraception
Deit-vegetarian,  loss in appetite since increased passage of stool
Sleep-adequate,  reduces when abdomin is distended
Bowel and bladder- increased passage of loose stool and decreased urine output
Allergy-unknown
Addiction- nothing
Blood transfusion- not done previously, but when admitted blood was transfused


OBJECTIVE findings : 



Abdominal distension: On clinical testing for free fluid (percussion-shifting dullness) ascites present


Bi pedal edema

Blood Investigations: 

RBC- 2.14

Hb- 6.1

WBC  TC-10900

Platelat count-1lakh

Serum K+- 5.1

Serum Na+-133

Urea-69

S. Creatine - 2.0
IRON STUDY :

Serum iron-16

Serum Tibc-281

Transferrin saturation-5.7

Serum ferritin-128.7
LIVER FUNCTION TEST:

Bilirubin 
     Total - 0.7
      Indirect-0.4
      Direct-0.3

Total protein-6.5

Total globulin - 4.3

A/G ratio-0.5

AST/SGOT-69

ALT/SGPT-55

GGT-91

Alkaline phosphatase-162

Albumin-2.2
SEROLOGICAL TEST:
Anti-HCV- positive (+) 
ASCTIC FLUID:

Fluid for sugar - 241mg/dl

Fluid for protein - 1.1g/dl
(Fac: Was this fluid for total protein or albumin? What about the SAAG?)

Fluid for ADA-12.6 U/L

Fluid for LDH-84U/L
(Fac: Why was ascitc fluid for LDH done? We generally do it only for pleural fluid).

Total leukocyte count-
    Total nucleated cell-1000 cells per cumm
     Nuetrophiles-80%
     Lymphocytes - 20%


RBC-present

Discussion: 


HCV Ascites, Pathogenesis, transmission, family screening, treatment as per recent guidelines and evidence of efficacy 

Conversational Clinical decision support: 

Boudhayan Dm Can we discuss the Hepatitis C Management protocol being followed in the premier institutions: Invite Dipendu Mazumder Arka De Harsh Tevethia Saptarshi Bishnu Dr.muhammed Yasin. to the discussion
Boudhayan Dm All abt Hepatitis C : Enough fodder for the entire week.........Rakesh BiswasSir this might be too much for the UGs right at this moment( Already i guess there has been an information overload on them)..............Can I invite Dr. Ananya Chakraborty to discuss the pharmacology associated with Hepatitis C management for UGshttp://www.hcvguidelines.org/full-report-view
Rakesh Biswas Yes Boudhayan we need not get the UGs to dig too deep into each topic but just become aware on the kind of information one needs to have while caring for their patients? At least they get a chance to learn that a patient is not just HCV but also a conglomeration of anemia and a sudden diarhhoea and so many other aspects that we have not even been able to identify in this (and our other patients).
Boudhayan Dm Rakesh Biswas Sir diarrhoea was her presenting complaint and she had already received blood transfusion before our first evaluation on the day after admission.........So we had identified everything at the onset itself
Rakesh Biswas I was talking about many things in this patient, her thoughts about her life etc essentially asking to look at other facets of the patient and not just the disease Boudhayan.
Boudhayan Dm Sir she is a Diabetic too and I have serious reservations abt her continuing Insulin once she lands up alone in her village away from her son( Something we discussed extensively during rounds yesterday Dr. Krishnendu Dey and me)
Rakesh Biswas Yes so finally what was she sent home onBoudhayan?
Boudhayan Dm Rakesh Biswas Sir I guess you had seen her final discharge ......Actrapid and Mixtard for the time being
Rakesh Biswas This is one reason we need to teach our patients to take insulin from the very day we begin to administer them insulinBoudhayanRakesh Kumar?
Boudhayan Dm Rakesh Biswas Sir the patient has been given that training from Day 1...... However it is not always the lack of training which matters in such cases.........It is often the support system in these areas
Rakesh Biswas We can build those support systems at a community level Amy?
Amy Price Yes, and do a CBRS trial. There is some good research to show that people knowing how to self-manage is a powerful intervention in itself...it has generational benefits and is great for areas even where resources are limited
Rakesh Biswas Boudhayan she is still on insulin and we are trying to monitor her blood sugars and adjust insulin with the support of our medical student Bimlesh
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Rakesh Biswas
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Boudhayan Dm For the 3rd semester students coming to basics of examination: Something for u to read up and then practice over and over again....https://depts.washington.edu/physdx/liver/tech.html
Approach the examination of the liver from the right side of the patient. Have the patient lying supine. Preserve the patient’s privacy by draping the top of their body with the gown and below the waist with a sheet. For the best exam, make sure the patient is warm and comfortable. Additionally make...
DEPTS.WASHINGTON.EDU
Rakesh Biswas Boudhayan (with the help of Dr Dipendu) would you like to mention which drugs we can choose for this particular patient, from the recent armament highlighted in the 2016 easl guidelines you shared above?
Boudhayan Dm What is the report Sir of the testing HCV RNA
Rakesh Biswas Haven't received any communication on thatBoudhayan.
Rakesh Biswas
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Boudhayan Dm Only three are available in India as far as I know Sofos, ledi dacla ........ Genotype wise if I remember...... Back in my PG days I have used upto IFN...... This will be the first time I will get to use these....... Dipendu Mazumder Dada I guess you will be the best to answer.......... Arka De Could u kindly share ur PGI experience in Hepatology
Dibyajyoti Kalita Boudhayan Dm you can go through the consensus statement of INASL of 2014 .
Dibyajyoti Kalita Although lots have change since then!
Boudhayan Dm I had used INASL till my PG days Sir.... But now the EASL guidelines are the latest....... Dibyajyoti Kalita Sir
Dibyajyoti Kalita Yeah but i was talking about the diagnostic workup strategy.We need to understand DAA were not in use in india at that time .We too used IFN in PG days
Boudhayan Dm Yes Sir in those days these were the drugs to be read to get distinction or CONFERENCE Drugs............But now its the present reality....So I guess I have to re learn....Thank you Sir for your words of encouragement
Dibyajyoti Kalita You can go through the inasl 2016 update
Dibyajyoti Kalita EASL cannot be practiced in india coz
A.Non availability of the drugs
B.Cost of treatment
...See More
Boudhayan Dm Dibyajyoti Kalita Will do so Sir ......thank u.....Cost has come down considerably ...I guess Rakesh Biswas Sir can share the details of the same
Dibyajyoti Kalita Yeah ,Rakesh Biswas sir would request his experience in using the DAA
Boudhayan Dm Dibyajyoti Kalita Sir could you kindly share your experience in using these drugs............I will be using for the first time ( honest confession)....Yes we will follow the INASL guidelines beacuse of the availability of only those 3 or 4 drugs here......But cost of Rx has come down to Rs 30000 from the lakhs even 2 yrs back.............GIANT STEP
Dibyajyoti Kalita Are we ready with the workup?
HCV pcr, a fibroscan and of course the genotype..
Dont worry about the cost bcoz the cost of treatment can be minimised by half and HCV pcr testing can be taken care of.
Boudhayan Dm Dibyajyoti Kalita As far as the last communication...Samples sent ....reports awaited.....Dibyajyoti KalitaSir could you kindly share your personal experience in the use of DAA;s...the potential precautions and must to watch out for points
Rakesh Biswas
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Rakesh Biswas Thanks Boudhayan let us also know what would be apt from your reading of the EASL guidelines.
Rakesh Biswas Yes Dr Dibyajyoti and Dr Boudhayan we may end up putting her on daily sofosbuvir 400 mg and daclatasvir 60 mg, for 12 weeks (and as she is a decompensated cirrhotic addition of Ribavirin 600 mg to begin with and then gradually adjusted to 1000 mg). This is true for most genotypes except 3. For genotype 3 the duration would be 24 weeks. More here:http://www.easl.eu/medias/cpg/HCV2016/Summary.pdf and here from INSL:http://www.inasl.org.in/images/2016-inasl-hcv-guidance.pdf Dr Dhiman you are one of the authors of INSL. Would you like to comment on the above approach for this patient?
Rakesh Biswas This patient has genotype 3 and a substantial viral load (Bimlesh do you have an image of her HCV report?) and we are starting her on a combination of sofosbuvir 400mg and daclatasvir 60 mg for 24 weeks with daily weight-based ribavirin around 1000mg as per these EASL guidelines here: http://www.easl.eu/medias/cpg/HCV2016/Summary.pdf Uzmaplease inform Swadha as well.
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Boudhayan Dm Sir could we get the photocopies of the reports here
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Rakesh Biswas
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RadhaKrishan Dhiman This patient requires all 3 drugs for treatment. However we need to maintain Hb above 9-10 g/dl. Diarrhoea part needs to investigated and treated. Look for IgA tTG as well. Duration of treatment with antivirals is 6 months. Ribavirin should be started with 600 then build up further. 
Needs good imaging, CTP AND MELD calculations and work up for liver transplantation. They improve with treatment to the extent that liver Tx could be avoided in 50-60 % of patients.
UnlikeReply114 mins
Rakesh Biswas Thanks Dr Dhiman for these very useful pointers. Bimleshplease let us know her current Hb. Her diarrhoea appeared to be acute and had subsided during her last admission. This time her anasarca is persistent and her right lower limb edema appears to be greater than her left (and we want to investigate her for a DVT as well). Lets hope she is one of those 50% who can do without the liver transplant even at this juncture. Dr Dipenduwould be also good to have your inputs.
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Boudhayan Dm Is she admitted again..... She had this SBP last time..... She had anemia and had received transfusion before our initial evaluation last time.... Will she her day after tomorrow when I return
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Rakesh Biswas No she is on OPD follow up and we just introducedBimlesh to her son today who had come to show us her reports of genotype and viral load.
LikeReplyJust now

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